How I Became an Independent Woman Essay Example For Students

How I Became an Independent Woman Essay Everyone has great stories; stories that are funny, sad and beautiful all at the same time. My story is probably the most difficult I have ever written in my life. Nobody can ever tell my story other than myself. Reminiscing about my childhood and also going through family photo albums has helped me write my story I’m about to tell. Need I mention, I also had my parents think back to my first couple years in life to find out what kind of a baby I was. All of these thoughts got me to ask myself, â€Å"What is my story? Briefly I can say, my family of origin, my culture, my gender, my older brother, my friends, and also my health has helped me shape into a mature woman. I definitely did not have the â€Å"perfect† childhood but, all the experiences I went through have made me become who I am today. During infancy, my mother did mention I had a hard time developing the difference between trust vs. mistrust. Ever since I was born, I was not only raised by my mother but, also with a caregiver. Being born to career minded parents was a tough toll on me and also on my older brother. We were always with multiple caregivers which was confusing to us because we didn’t recognize at first who our real mother was. Especially to me because I was just a baby and I were still trying to understand my surroundings. From what I was told, I never really interacted well with any of my caregivers. I was scared almost all the time and was crying almost every minute. I was uncomfortable and was unfamiliar with all the faces that were introduced because it wasn’t my mothers. This was very bad for my development because I started to not eat a lot and whenever I did eat I was throwing it up right after. My parents concern about my health was very important to them so fortunately they found a solution. For some reason, the only person that gave me comfort and made sure I was okay when my parents weren’t around was my older brother. His face and voice was the only one I was familiar with which helped me feel more comfortable. Whenever a caregiver had a hard time with feeding me; they had to call upon my brother to make sure it happened. Knowing that I trusted him at such a young age just shows me how early interactions can make a big difference later on. My brother and I might be just 4 years apart but, I never knew how much of his presence meant so much to me that young. As I started my years as a toddler, the one person that took the blame for my troublesome actions was my older brother. If I was ever caught doing something bad, he took the blame. I wish my brother never did this because I started to think maybe everything I was doing was his fault. I started blaming him and I never learned my lesson; what I thought was wrong wasn’t my problem anymore. Eventually my caregiver and my parents figured out the problem and made sure no errors were made again. During this time I also figured out the whole meaning of potty training. I was developing the feeling of shame and didn’t want to grow up fast because of the change from diapers to underwear. There were definitely other changes like the difference between female and male toys and also understanding the difference between both genders. I remember from couple pictures of me when I was 3, I never wanted to stop playing with my brother’s toys because we always shared most of our toys so young but, eventually he was getting older and realizing his independence and I always wanted to do the same. Eventually I started understanding that cars and trains were played by boys and dolls and dresses were played by girls. I can definitely say gender roles are still the same as it was back then. The locomotive stage I would say was the last years of my life being normal. I started to be more independent of my own interests. I still had my brother watching over me but, I made sure I was opening myself up to new activities. This is the time when I found some talents like singing, drawing, dancing, and also swimming. I was great in all of them and I had great support from my family too. The only negative that came out of it was that I was super busy with different schedules and I never really had the time to do other things like learning to ride a bicycle or hanging out more with my neighborhood friends. This was also the time when I moved from North India to Dubai. A new surrounding meant new home, new friends, new life and I wasn’t very happy with that decision. And as always the only person that was there that felt the same as me was my older brother. english is primery langugang in america EssayThat was a big change in life because I didn’t have the role model I needed to keep myself from getting in trouble. Once I hit 16 and started to drive, I also got myself involved into a serious relationship with someone older than me. Some people call it just â€Å"young love† but, to me it felt like a real commitment I had with someone else. The only reason why this relationship got serious was because I finally had someone who could understand my feelings and didn’t judge me after. He was the only person who kept me sane and made sure I was doing right in school and after school. Let’s just say we fell in â€Å"love†! It meant more to me than anything else and I wouldn’t let myself out of that relationship. In time, I started to realize what I thought was love was not really what I expected it to be. Getting myself involved with an 18 year old was not smart first of all, which resulted in an abusive relationship and also me being pregnant. I know I hit the peek for my parents when I had to tell them. Being pregnant at age 16 was just a normal case in my high school but, to my parents it was just devastating especially to my culture. I knew I just put myself in a situation that I know I won’t be able to handle without any support and the support I was getting just came from one person and it was him. I knew it was time for me to let go of my childish behavior and start growing up because my life is going to turn 360 in 9 months. What was unexpected was that I had a miscarriage two months into my pregnancy. I believe this was just the most devastating moment in my life! Losing my old habits was okay with me but, this incident just hit rock bottom. I was hit with depression medications and counselors so quick that I pretty much gave up hope on my life. Everyone had the fear that I probably wanted to commit suicide or hurt myself really bad but, I knew I was not going to take it that far. Everything was bottled up inside me and eventually I decided to start using other methods to cope with it. I started heavy drinking at age 18 and using substances that didn’t keep me sober most of the day. I was pretty much forcing myself out of reality which was not good for my health at all. With all the excessive drinking, I gained about 35 pounds and I became more insecure about myself. There were times when my own family used to point out my weight problem and I was not happy about it. Even through all of this, I never put myself into rehab or other institutions because I didn’t want to accept my mistakes. Luckily, I was introduced to faith and this was the only thing that helped me heal myself internally and externally. I devoted my time to God and erase the negative aspects of my life and started fixing myself day by day. It took me 4 years to clear out everything I went through and trust me when I say this; it was the best feeling ever at the end. I never knew what happiness was until I found my faith. Yes, I was lucky enough to make it into dental school and also survive a car accident but, I knew all of these experiences just made me a better person today. My childhood was clearly not the best but, I am blessed to be alive today. Every step of my life has shaped me into the person I am today and I can definitely say, I do not regret anything that has happened in my life. This class itself has definitely taught me a lot about myself and how to deal with my emotions. Being able to write my life story was probably the most challenging to me! I took the risk to write down tough moments in my life which I never bought up to anybody else other than my best friend. I have learned to accept my mistakes and to correct them in a manner which can be a positive outcome in my life rather than a negative. Overall, I really enjoyed writing this paper and I know it took me a long time to find out who I am but, I can happily stand here and say I am an independent woman.

Domestic Violence In America Essay Research Paper free essay sample

Domestic Violence In America Essay, Research Paper Domestic Violence in America Domestic maltreatment in the United States is a large-scale and complex societal and wellness job. The household is possibly the most violent group, with the place being the most violent American establishment or puting today ( Lay, 1994 ) . Sadly plenty, the bulk of people who are murdered are non likely killed by a alien during a hold-up or similar offense but are killed by person they know. Not surprisingly, the Center for Disease Control and bar has identified interpersonal force as a major public wellness job ( Velson-Friedrich, 1994 ) . Current estimations suggest that three to four million adult females are the victims of physical maltreatment by their intimate spouses ( Harris A ; Cook, 1994 ) . Harmonizing to the FBI, some signifier of domestic force occurs in half of the places in the United States at least one time a twelvemonth ( Dickstein, 1988 ) . In world one out of every six marriages the married woman is physically abused. Every 15 seconds a adult females is battered in the United States. Daily, four American adult females lose their lives to their hubbies or fellows, bing more than tierce of all female homicide victims ( WAC, 1994 ) . These Numberss report that excessively much force is directed toward adult females. Historically, domestic force has been a downplayed and, frequently, culturally condoned, American tradition. In the colonial period, Torahs derived from English common-law permitted a adult male to crush his married woman when she acted in a mode that he believed to be inappropriate. For illustration, the alleged # 8220 ; Rule of Thumb # 8221 ; jurisprudence, which permitted a hubby to crush his married woman with a stick that could be no larger than the perimeter of his pollex, was in consequence until the terminal of the 19th century ( Dickstein, 1988 ) . The issue of domestic force, particularly married woman maltreatment, foremost gained national attending in 1974 with the publication of Scream Quietly or the Neighbors Will Hear by Erin Pizzey, the laminitis of Chiswick # 8217 ; s Women # 8217 ; s Aid, a shelter in England for beat-up adult females. Pizzey # 8217 ; s work helped to excite feminist concern and indignation over married woman whipping, verbal maltreatment, fiscal limitations and societal isolation of adult females by their hubbies ( Utech, 1994 ) . Shortly thenceforth, the adult females # 8217 ; s release motion, through the National Organization for Women ( NOW ) , advocated for the terminal of force against adult females and sought improved societal services for beat-up married womans. NOW besides was actively engaged in advancing shelter places and buttonholing congressional leaders for statute law that would ensue in better intervention and protection of adult females # 8217 ; s wellness and wellbeing ( Utech, 1994 ) . The medical profession was greatly affected by the protagonism of the adult females # 8217 ; s release motion and has, in recent old ages, attempted to battle this societal ailment both by itself and in coordination with the legal and societal service professions. For illustration, get downing in 1992, the Joint Commission on the Accreditation of Health Care Organizations, required that all commissioned infirmaries implement policies and processs for placing, handling and mentioning victims of maltreatment ( Mason, 1993 ) . This included in-service preparation plans for staff members of their exigency sections and ambulatory attention installations ( Mason, 1993 ) . In 1994, 83 organisations, including the American Nurses # 8217 ; Association and the American Bar Association, met to place spreads and barriers between the wellness attention bringing and condemnable justness systems in covering with household force instances. Among their recommendations were the undermentioned: a mec hanism for community professional coordination in appraisal to maximise household safety ; the creative activity of community-based household force coordination councils ; and the demand to set up, in every community, a comprehensive, culturally sensitive, and accessible intercession system for household force that links wellness, justness, mental wellness, societal service, and educational systems ( Stanley, 1994 ) . In add-on, the American Medical Association ( AMA ) published guidelines for Health attention professionals to utilize in placing domestic force victims. Violent households are easy to depict but hard to explicate. Research on household maltreatment has, on a consistent footing, found that the phenomenon is associated with intergenerational transmittal, low socioeconomic position, societal and structural emphasis, societal isolation, and personality jobs or abnormal psychology ( Yegidis, 1992 ) . Traditional theories on the causes of domestic maltreatment focal point on such factors as people # 8217 ; s single features and life experiences, including the presence of jobs such as societal and structural emphasis, societal disaffection, unemployment, poorness, substance maltreatment, past kid maltreatment, personality upsets, abnormal psychology, and depression ( Yegidis, 1992 ) . However, theories centered on these variables fail to explicate why the bulk of the population that does non see domestic maltreatment, whether as a victim or a culprit, are non affected by these variables. Additionally, research has demonstrated the riddance of personal jobs, such as the 1s listed supra, does non lend to stoping domestic maltreatment in a relationship. Nevertheless, for the intent of bordering peculiar surveies of domestic maltreatment, these theoretical attacks are still of import. Due to each theory # 8217 ; s failing, it is of import for research workers to follow a theoreticall y holistic attack. The fact that each instance of domestic maltreatment is slightly different signifier another calls for utilizing a assortment of theoretical orientations to better analyze the nature and extent of this pressure job. While domestic maltreatment can be studied through # 8220 ; mental lenses # 8221 ; that are psychological or sociological in nature, it is of import besides to analyze this issue from a medical/public wellness position. While many theories have been proposed to explicate the causes of household maltreatment, one of the most utile has been the societal acquisition theory. Bandura ( 1977 ) proposed that larning be composed of both a mold constituent and # 8220 ; mutual influence # 8221 ; . The latter suggests that we can determine our hereafters by act uponing our environments. In explicating how societal acquisition theory explains household maltreatment, O # 8217 ; Leary ( 1988 ) analyzed the effects of patterning on behaviour, the function of emphasis, the usage of intoxicant, the presence of relationship dissatisfaction, and aggression as a personality manner ( cited of Yegidis, 1992 ) . Modeling involves the observation by the kid of physical aggression by the parents or the direct experience of holding been physically abused. In a survey of married woman maltreatment and matrimonial colza, it was found that sing parental force was every bit of import in making a future form of maltreatment as the direct experience of kid maltreatment itself. Modeling, hence, increases the likeliness that one will utilize force in order to manage interpersonal troubles ( Yegidis, 1992 ) . Extensive literature exists on the relationship between emphasis, defeat, and aggression. Stress entirely does non do force, but it may be a stimulation that serves to elicit some persons. Overall, maltreaters by and large tend to possess an aggressive personality manner. Consequently, people possessing this trait are more likely to acquire angry than others and may really acquire angrier more frequently than others. Research suggests that there may be two of import facets to the relationship between household maltreatment and intoxicant. Very frequently, the opprobrious behaviour of the culprit is permitted and excused by the victim because the culprit was under the influence of intoxicant. On the other manus, intoxicant usage by victims leads to a numbing consequence every bit good as feelings of impotence. Domestic maltreatment typically follows a # 8220 ; rhythm of force # 8221 ; form. There are three stages in the rhythm of force: tension-building, acute banging and the honeymoon stage. During the tension-building stage, the batterer becomes progressively dark, hostile and critical of his spouse. Minor buffeting incidents may happen. During the acute banging stage, the batterer is likely to assail the victim. Major assault of the victim, physically and psychologically, normally distinguishes the ague buffeting incident from the minor banging incidents that may happen during the tension-building stage. Shortly after the ague buffeting stage is the honeymoon stage. The batterer may apologise, implore forgiveness, or assure that the violent behaviour will neer go on once more. An estimated three to four million adult females yearly in the United States are the victims of physical maltreatment by their intimate spouses ( Harris A ; Cook, 1994 ) . Harmonizing to the Uniform Crime Report ( UCR ) of the FBI, a hubby or boyfriend slayings 30 per centum of adult females killed in the United States. In add-on, force is the 2nd prima cause of hurts to adult females ages 15 through 44 old ages of age ( Velsor-Friedrich, 1994 ) . Most attackers will frequently impute their opprobrious behaviour to external causes, while victims attribute the maltreatment to internal factors within themselves or situational factors about the maltreater ( e.g. # 8220 ; It # 8217 ; s merely because he has been imbibing # 8221 ; ) . The frequent happening of victim self-blame is reinforced by societal attitudes which are responsible for frequently faulting the adult female for motivating the maltreatment or non go forthing her maltreater ( Harris A ; Cook, 1994 ) . There are legion replies to the normally asked inquiry of why a adult female would remain in an opprobrious relationship. For many adult females, no other beginnings of fiscal support or lodging exist. The duty of child care further complicates the job. The most serious ground for concern is the fright of requital by the maltreater. Batterers often threaten to kill the adult female or other household members if they tell anyone that they are being beaten. Despite the maltreatment, a adult female may still love her spouse and, cons equently, will lie to protect him. Many victims possess low self-prides caused by perennial maltreatment, both physical and emotional, and believe that they don’t merit aid. Finally, the pure fact of being embarrassed or ashamed may be sufficient ground for the victim to remain. The term domestic force against work forces causes many Americans to respond with incredulity. Abused hubbies are a frequent subject for gags. Family maltreatment is straight linked to position in the household and socialisation. There are many serious effects of society # 8217 ; s reluctance to see the potency for domestic maltreatment by female. In our society, a big figure of misss are told to slap a male child if he gets # 8220 ; fresh # 8221 ; . Movies and telecasting plans display scenes of adult females pluging and slapping work forces with complete impunity, while the spectator normally reacts with support for the adult females # 8217 ; s character. While a smack is normally a harmless act, it is of import to see that a smack is still a violent act. A common inquiry exists when analyzing domestic maltreatment against work forces: if work forces are normally bigger and stronger than adult females, so why Don # 8217 ; T they try to protect themselves: It is of import to look at this issue from a kid development point of view. At the same clip that misss are being taught that it is acceptable to slap a male child, male childs are being told to neer hit a miss. The figure of instances and the badness and form of the force used against the victims are the major factors distinguishing work forces # 8217 ; s force against adult females from the force of adult females against work forces. The civil protection order and the condemnable tribunal procedure are effectual tools for protecting about all heterosexual male victims because adult females seldom attempt # 8220 ; separation force, # 8221 ; the force that consequences as the victim efforts to go forth the maltreater ( Pence A ; Paymar, 1995 ) . Why do work forces remain? Although they may non be victimized if they leave their partner, there are many grounds why abused work forces stay in their violent places. Abused work forces, like abused adult females, fear that if they leave their partner, the maltreatment that they have encountered may be directed against their kids. Additionally, many work forces are hesitating to go forth since adult females get physical detention of kids in a big bulk of divorce instances. They may besides fear that the tribunals will restrict kids trial and entree. Deciding to go forth an opprobrious relationship is merely one portion of the job for an abused male. Another portion is taking where to travel since really few shelters exist for them to happen safety. A assortment of plans exist to assist opprobrious work forces control their force more efficaciously, nevertheless, happening comparable plans that exists for violent adult females is an utmost challenge. Resources and installations that deal with battling domestic force are scarce due to the limited support of societal services. Therefore, it has been suggested that some adult females # 8217 ; s groups are fearful that the little sum of financess that exist for helping abused adult females may be farther lessened if the American populace recognizes that work forces are besides abuse victims. Acknowledging work forces # 8217 ; s victimization does non intend that we must deny that adult females are victims. In fact, groups and bureaus that assist abused adult females could besides w iden their services to help battered work forces and frailty versa. The wellness attention system can play an of import function as an intercession point. As alterations take topographic point in the mode by which wellness attention is delivered, wellness service research workers have begun to analyze ways of making out to persons who require particular attending or attention, that are unable to obtain it. This attack has besides been applied to domestic maltreatment victim wellness services. With the figure of hurts hat domestic maltreatment causes yearly, the wellness attention system has begun to see itself as an of import nexus in assisting ht victims. The wellness attention profession is in a place to place abused victims, administer the proper attention they require, and mention them to necessary societal services. Unfortunately, legion articles report that many wellness attention professionals do non execute these services for beat-up adult females, particularly in the exigency room. Using ethnographic techniques, Sugg and Inue ( 1992 ) concluded that doctors who explored for domestic maltreatment in the wellness attention puting felt the process to be similar to # 8220 ; opening Pandora # 8217 ; s package # 8221 ; , in fact, 18 per centum of the doctors interviewed used that existent phrase. The doctors take parting in this survey ( the bulk of whom were household pattern specializers ) reported such jobs as deficiency of comfort in covering with the issue, fright of piquing the patient, a sense of impotence, loss of control, and clip restraints, all of which constitute barriers to domestic maltreatment acknowledgment and intercession in instances of domestic maltreatment seen in the primary attention puting ( Sugg and Inue, 1992 ) . Analyzing research that investigates wellness professionals # 8217 ; position of domestic maltreatment helps to corroborate the startling world that exists for victims seeking aid. Sadly plenty, as terrible a wellness menace domestic maltreatment airss to adult females, many victims have been, or are presently, misidentified or met with apathy by wellness attention professionals. This phenomenon is due to many factors, the most common of which includes unequal preparation ( many preparation plans do non even discourse domestic maltreatment ) and tendencies toward feelings of # 8220 ; victim faulting # 8221 ; . Many wellness attention professionals adopt the stance that domestic maltreatment is a job that falls outside the spectrum of their occupation description. These professionals view the political orientation of the household as a private sphere and believe troubles inside the place can and should be settled by the household member themselves ( Davison A ; Couns, 1997 ) . Appraisal of maltreatment, whether in female or male, requires a high grade of intuition during the appraisal of the patient. Sadly plenty, doctors fail to ever acknowledge and/or acknowledge the beginning of perennial hurts. One survey found that 35 per centum of female exigency room patients are treated for symptoms related to ongoing maltreatment, but merely about 5 per centum of the adult females are identified as victims of domestic maltreatment ( Bowers, 1994 ) . In 1992, the American Medical Association published Treatment Guidelines on Domestic Violence. Aside from appraisal, suggestions for the doctor to follow in the interview of the victim are mentioned as good. These include: Physicians must inquire direct, specific inquiries to find the happening or extent of maltreatment since many adult females do non recognized that they are battered ; See the possibility of assault when a victim # 8217 ; s account of an hurt does non look plausible, or when the victim has delayed me dical intervention ; The patient may look frightened or nervous or exhibit stress-related symptoms in add-on to physical hurt ; Keeping a complete and elaborate description of the event, in the victim # 8217 ; s ain words if possible and of ensuing hurts, including exposure if applicable ; Being aware that the badness of current or past hurt is non an accurate forecaster of future force, the patients safety should be discussed before go forthing the doctor # 8217 ; s office or intervention centre ; Being aware of local resources to do appropriate referrals ; A doctor who treats a victim and does non ask about domestic maltreatment or accepts an improbable account for the hurt could be held apt if the victim returns to the maltreater and is injure once more ( American Medical Association, 1992 ) . Aside from medical and psychiatric intervention for hurts, possible victims of maltreatment can be given information and guidance form the wellness attention supplier in order to forestall farther victimization episodes. Patients can be informed about the hazard factors involved that would increase the opportunities of serious injury to them. Psychological guidance, administered by either the primary attention supplier or a mental wellness professional, can help the patient in stoping personal relationships with opprobrious persons. Additionally, the patient can be provided with telephone Numberss and encouraged to reach bing community resources such as crisis centres, shelters, protective service bureaus, or the constabulary section if there is fright of hurt ( # 8220 ; Guide to Clinical Preventive Screening, # 8221 ; 1995 ) . It # 8217 ; s astonishing to me that of all offenses in today # 8217 ; s society ; domestic force is the 1 that is still on the rise. It is clip to take domestic force earnestly and battle it sharply. In order for # 8220 ; positive alteration # 8221 ; to happen, our legal system needs to protect the battered and non the batterer. A bulk of beat-up adult females are murdered if they try to go forth an opprobrious state of affairs. Why is that? Because they don # 8217 ; t have the protection they need. The condemnable justness system needs to get down a victim resettlement plan for domestic maltreatment victims. This would guarantee their safety and let them adequate bravery to go forth a atrocious state of affairs. In a state that detests racism and protests animal inhuman treatment so why are adult females and kids still subject to anguish and force in their ain places at the custodies of their hubbies and male parents? In a politically right universe excessively many of us still view adult females and kids as inferior, as belongings. The media portrays adult females as sex symbols and frequently with a really noticeable deficiency of intelligence. Often physicians turn their dorsums on harm left as the consequence of maltreatment because of the fright of abashing their patients ( WAC, 1994 ) . It is clip to declare war on domestic force. Domestic force will ever be a portion of our civilization. Womans are still non considered equal and historically it was acceptable to crush your married woman if she was out of line. With today # 8217 ; s broken matrimonies and extended maltreatment of intoxicant and drugs, the affair will merely acquire worse. If strong enterprises are non instilled now, there will be many unneeded deceases due to the rise in maltreatment. 33f

Research Paper on Hungary Essay Example

Research Paper on Hungary Essay Speaking about the history of courts in Hungary I would like to note that based on the Act20 of 1949 on the Hungarian constitution, and on the ActLXVI of 1997 on the Organization and administration of Hungarian courts, the Hungarian justice and court system is represented by a 4-level system which comprises the Supreme court, the regional courts of appeal, the county courts and the local courts. The first instance jurisdiction rests with the local courts effecting the principle that the majority of all different cases gets settled with the local level courts. Appeals against the court decisions settled at the local level are brought to the county courts which function as appellate courts, yet in some cases involving large sums (over $30,000 in severance fees) and criminal cases that might involve a life-long imprisonment, the county courts act as the institutions of first instance jurisdiction. The territorial competence of different courts is determined by the public administration. For instance, regional Hungarian courts of appeal hear the appeals against the decisions made b the local and county courts. There exist only 5 courts of appeal located in Budapest, Pecs, Szeged, Debrecen and Gyor, yet they serve the needs of all citizens around the country. Since these 5 courts examine appeals logged against the decisions made at the local and county level they reduce the workload for the Supreme Court, so that this highest judicial institution in Hungary can concentrate on the proper application of law throughout the land and assure that the Judicial system of Hungary remains fair and properly integrated in the EU judicial system. To assure the independence of courts, one separated the courts from the executive, and the legislative branches of government. The court system is administered by the National Council of Justice which comprises the following functions: Appoint and dismiss the presidents and vice-presidents of regional courts of appeal and the county courts (Apponyi, 2004). Oversee the administrative activity of courts throughout the system with the exception of President of the Supreme Court of Hungary. Make recommendations to the President of Hungary regarding the nomination and relief of Judges. Express the primary qualified opinion on the President’s decision to appoint certain people are judges. Prepare the budget of courts of different levels and report the financing to the government. Lay forward the principles of organization and operations of Hungarian courts of all levels (Bence, 2004). Provide the education and training to judges at all levels in Hungary. We will write a custom essay sample on Research Paper on Hungary specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Research Paper on Hungary specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Research Paper on Hungary specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer This national council of justice comprises 15 members: 9 judges being elected through delegates, the Minister of Justice, the Prosecutor General, the President of the National Bar Association and Two MPs who get appointed routinely by the Constitutional and Judicial committee and the Budget and financial committee of Hungary. The council cooperates closely with the President of the Supreme court of Hungary who submits annually reports to the Parliament about the overall effectiveness of the judicial system of Hungary and the activities of the National Council of Justice (Shea, 2003). The judges in Hungary are appointed and dismissed by the President of Hungary. The recruitment to the Hungarian courts is rather competitive. The candidates have to be Hungarian nationals with a right to vote and without any criminal record. They need to possess a university degree and will pass a professional exam prior to occupy the post. University graduates in law typically work for 3 years as trainees or interns in the courts and then another year or two as court secretaries. After spending 4-5 years in total in the court, one is qualified to pass the professional exam and undergoes a medical and criminal check. Then, upon receiving a recommendation from the president of the county court and after receiving the proposal by the national council of justice, the president of Hungary appoints that person for a 3-year probationary period as a judge. After the probationary period, the judge will be either re-appointed for an indefinite period or will be dismissed. The judge can work u ntil the age of 70 years (Fallon, 2004). The Hungarian constitution states that the Hungarian judges are independent are subjects to law only. The judges cannot pursue any other career in politics or business and can work only as professors in universities. They cannot work as judges in several different courts at the same time. Since 2001, Hungarian judges are required to make disclosure declarations on their property which gets monitored by the national council of justice. The judges undergo training and pass exams every 3 years to assure their high level of competence and proficiency (Walzer, 2003). The constitutional court (Supreme court) of Hungary is not a part of the regular judicial system, and therefore it has its own budget and eleven judges who get elected by the parliament of Hungary. The constitutional court reviews constitutionality of laws and regulations and protects the constitutional order in the country and assures the citizens fundamental rights granted by the Hungarian constitution. This court review the laws post-factum and engages in preventive reviews of laws and statutes. The decisions of the Supreme Court cannot be contested (Fazakas 2003). Crime level in Hungary is still rather high compared to the crime level in the USA, or western Europe simply because Hungary is still a rather young country, a new and poor EU member. The crimes in Hungary are represented by the following most common crimes: Theft of Credit card and bank cards. The criminals either steal the credit cards via conventional ways (pick pocketing) or by setting up fake card readers in crowded places where besides obtaining money from a regular ATM, the customer’s card details are read by the special card reader (Molnar 2002). Pick pocketing is common in all cases where there are crowds: public transportation, crowded buses, and undergrounds. Windscreen-cleaners. These are volunteer helpers who approach your car at the traffic light crossing or in a jam, blur the window for a few seconds and then demand money. If you refuse to pay, they might scratch the car or break the window and might even hit the driver (Adams, 2004). Property Theft is another prevailing crime in Hungary which is present in large cities. Car theft, mobile phone theft, laptop computers theft are the crimes that affect most people (Gross, 2004). False police officers is another crime during which criminals dress as police officers, t hen approach people on the streets, engage in searches and either steal the money or property for investigation purposes or demand the cash explicitly. The police in Hungary is improving routinely as Hungary entered the EU and brought the standards to the European level. Still the salaries of Hungarian police officers remain rather low (approximately $1000 per month depending on the rank and the areas that a police officer covers). With such low salaries, police officers might get tempted to accept and demand a bribe from the regular people and from some criminals. The most corrupt officers in police represent the road police, who oftentimes get tempted to receive a bribe from traffic violators (Walzer, 2003). Instead of punishing the criminals and drunk drivers with fines or instead of brining them to court, these police officers get tempted to receive bribes instead. The Hungarian police in the recent years in major large cities would undertake various raids where undercover police officers would drive badly and offer bribes to their counterparts. Those who accept bribes would be fires or brought to court. Still, in smaller towns and areas, bribery and corruption is still prevalent. One needs to remember that corruption applies not only to road police; criminal police and customs office police also engage in corrupt behavior. It appears that training and increased salaries is the ultimate answer to corruption in police. In conclusion I would like to note that Hungary is a well-developed eastern European nation and a European union member which attracts over 30% of all investments directed for eastern Europe. The judicial system in Hungary had been designed in a manner to discourage corruption and bias, while at the same time fostering justice and independence. The country still has some problems with the corruption in police yet increased public awareness trainings, growing salaries and stringent punishment for bad cops assures that in the long run, corruption will cease to exist in Hungary.

Using a Memoir Sample Essay to Improve Your Creative Writing Skills

Using a Memoir Sample Essay to Improve Your Creative Writing SkillsA memoirs sample essay can be a good option for those students who are considering taking a course in creative writing. A good essay, whether for a college thesis or a junior high school project, is a great way to teach yourself how to write and get in touch with your personal experiences. If you're working on a memoir, the introduction will need to be very personal, but your essay will still be meaningful and effective.The concept of memoirs is relatively new, but they are a terrific way to express yourself in a specific area of life. Some people think that memoirs are just a way to stay in touch with your mother, but this doesn't necessarily have to be the case. You can work your memoir into your daily life if you want to do so. For example, you may write about going to art class in middle school and getting hit on by a boy in a daycare center.Since so many students are switching from creative writing courses to col lege courses, there are a lot of online books available that could help you. You may want to check out the memoir sample essay, which is available for free online. Or, you can also check out some online resources that you can buy and use.Most of these online resources have hundreds of essays online for you to read through, as well as exercises and assignments that you can use. Some sites also have a selection of sample essays from professionals in the field.If you're able to do it, you should be able to learn from the samples. After all, a lot of your essay will be your own experience, so you want to look at what is already on the page. Plus, these sample essays will help you get your point across more clearly than you would be able to without a professional.Thereis no shortage of memoirs on the internet. But don't forget that not every person's memoir will be like yours. So, make sure you're choosing an essay that is unique to you, but can still be beneficial to others.Hopefully, y our online resource will be able to help you get started. When writing your memoir, you will want to keep in mind how you feel at the time you wrote the essay. These memories can help you become a better writer.

Free Essays on Harlem V. Ode On A Grecian Urn

written to reveal their true meaning. On the surface, the reader might think this poem is light and airy, when in fact; it is a sad tale of lost chances never to be r... Free Essays on Harlem V. Ode On A Grecian Urn Free Essays on Harlem V. Ode On A Grecian Urn The Death of the Human Spirit in â€Å"Harlem† and â€Å"Ode on a Grecian Urn† Although Langston Hughes’s â€Å"Harlem† and John Keats’ â€Å"Ode on a Grecian Urn† were written about 130 years apart and they differ in their structure, they seem to share a similar underlying theme. Both of these poets are trying to convey a feeling of death. They are not talking about a superficial death but rather, a dying on the inside. This is the type of death that robs them of their spirit. To the reader, it is fairly clear to see in Hughes’s â€Å"Harlem† whereas in Keats’ â€Å"Ode on a Grecian Urn†, the reader has to look beyond the outer layer of the poets words. In Hughes’s extremely short poem, â€Å"Harlem†, the poet asks â€Å"What happens to a dream deferred?† (1). If not for this opening line, the reader might be left wondering what the objects in the poem symbolize. Hughes uses a raisin, a sore, meat, a syrupy sweet, and a load. The â€Å"raisin† represents the plight of the black man in a dominant white society. The black man (raisin) refuses to give in and thus turns into a â€Å"sore†. The â€Å"meat† turned rotten in â€Å"Harlem† symbolizes the fight of the African American in making their place in the world. The â€Å"sweet† represents the satisfaction to be found in an existence full of harmony. The â€Å"load† is the culmination of all of these objects. As time goes by, the burden of the â€Å"load† gets harder and harder to carry. The heavy burden causes the black man to falter and â€Å"sag†. Eventually, the immense pressure causes an explo sion to the reality of the situation that the African Americans face. In order to understand the meaning behind John Keats’ somewhat longer poem, â€Å"Ode on a Grecian Urn†, the reader has to look past the words written to reveal their true meaning. On the surface, the reader might think this poem is light and airy, when in fact; it is a sad tale of lost chances never to be r...

The socio-cultural repercussions of Language identiity on English as a Essay

The socio-cultural repercussions of Language identiity on English as a Second Language instruction - Essay Example Most of the business activities are international at present because of the Globalization and Liberalization policies implemented by majority of the countries. An international language is essential for the business world in order to establish proper communication between the organization and the diverse customers. Because of the above facts, most of the countries where English is a foreign language, adopted English as a second language in their educational curriculum. â€Å"More than 200 million children in China are studying English, a compulsory subject for all Chinese primary school students† (Teaching Language for National Security and American Competitiveness) â€Å"The need for a common international language with the expansion of a global communication network has made the English the language of choice† (TESOL& Dang, p.9 ) Even the native speakers of English, like the Americans, the British or the Australians use or speak English differently. The accent and vocabulary of English is different in these countries. Many factors like the social and cultural differences contributed heavily to these differences even though the essence remains the same. The non-native English speakers who learn English as a second language are coming from different social and cultural backgrounds. These differences have a significant effect on their English language learning abilities. It is not possible for the Chinese to learn and speak English same way like the Indians though both India and China are non-native speakers of English. Communities or cultures which have similarities or relation with the English culture may learn the English quickly compared to others. For example, French language has lot of similarities with English and the French people can learn English quickly compared to others. People who are staying nearer to the English speaking countries can also learn the English language quickly compared to others. Economy also can play a vital role in

Digital graphics for interactive media Assignment

Digital graphics for interactive media - Assignment Example They are in game poster production, packaging, in game graphics, overall it may be said that the entire game development process relies on interactive media graphics for game production. Rollover buttons, navigation bars and navigation menus enable easy navigation around digital media. The simpler and comprehensive the navigation is, the more it compels visitors to come back again. Instead of having to search through heaps of information the interactive graphics enable users to reach to get to the point search results thus saving their time and effort. â€Å"overall, a main navigation supports a variety of user tasks and modes of information seeking, including known-item seeking, exploration, and even re-finding. From a user’s standpoint, the main navigation plays a critical role in using the site: Animated images can be used in almost every form of digital media. May it be web portals or Chat Interfaces, Social Networking interfaces or Stock software, the embedding of animated images into each of these digital media enhances their usefulness by often replacing a large amount of words. This is often said in relation with: â€Å"A picture is worth a thousand words.† An entire process can be described with the help of embedding step by step animation levels into a diagram instead of the readers reading a large amount of text to decipher it. Applications of web banners are mainly in every website. They are the online means of advertising. A large number of viewers get attracted to the often animated banners that promote a certain product and click on the banner. Clicking on it opens the website of the advertiser. The image on the Web Banner can be made in PNG, JPEG or GIF. Logos are images that are specifically associated with an entity. That entity may be an individual or a company. It is with respect to that graphics image, known as a log, that the defined entity is often recognized.